Gastroparesis

Definition & Facts

• Gastroparesis is a medical condition characterized by delayed stomach emptying, leading to disruptions in the normal movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine.
• The term "gastroparesis" is derived from two words: "gastro" meaning stomach, and "paresis" meaning partial paralysis.
• This condition affects the stomach's ability to contract and push food along the digestive tract.
• Prevalence: Gastroparesis is more common in women than in men and is often diagnosed in people with diabetes.

Symptoms & Causes

Symptoms

• Common symptoms of gastroparesis include nausea, vomiting, bloating, early satiety (feeling full quickly), abdominal pain, and heartburn.
• Malnutrition can result from the inadequate absorption of nutrients due to the delayed passage of food.

Causes

• The exact cause of gastroparesis is not always clear, but some known causes include diabetes, viral infections, neurological disorders, and surgery on the stomach or vagus nerve.
• In diabetes-related gastroparesis, high blood sugar levels can damage the vagus nerve, which controls stomach muscles.
• Idiopathic gastroparesis refers to cases where the cause is unknown.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis

• Gastroparesis can be diagnosed through tests such as gastric emptying studies, where the patient consumes a meal with a radioactive marker to track stomach emptying.
• Upper endoscopy may be used to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

Treatment

• Dietary modifications often involve consuming small, frequent meals and avoiding high-fat and high-fiber foods that can be harder to digest.
• Medications like prokinetics can be prescribed to help improve stomach motility.
• In severe cases, feeding tubes or parenteral nutrition (nutrients delivered through a vein) might be necessary.
• Gastric electrical stimulation is a surgical option that involves implanting a device to help regulate stomach contractions.

Gastroparesis Treatment Market

1. Pharmacological Interventions: Medications play a crucial role in managing gastroparesis symptoms. Drugs like prokinetics stimulate stomach contractions and facilitate better digestion.

2. Antiemetics: These medications help control nausea and vomiting, common symptoms of gastroparesis, providing relief and improving the patient's quality of life.

3. Pain Management: Some patients experience abdominal pain. Pain-relieving medications can alleviate discomfort and improve overall well-being.

4. Dietary Modifications: Dietary adjustments are essential. Patients are often advised to consume smaller, more frequent meals and avoid foods high in fat and fiber.

5. Nutritional Support: In severe cases where oral intake is insufficient, nutritional supplements may be recommended to ensure proper nourishment.

Procedures & Surgery for Gastroparesis

Procedures for Gastroparesis

1. Gastric Emptying Study: A diagnostic test where patients consume a meal containing a small amount of radioactive material. Imaging is then performed to monitor the rate of stomach emptying.

2. Electrogastrography (EGG): This non-invasive test measures electrical activity in the stomach muscles, helping diagnose abnormal motility patterns.

3. Enteral Nutrition: In cases of severe gastroparesis, when oral intake is inadequate, tube feeding can provide the necessary nutrition directly to the small intestine.

4. Botulinum Toxin Injection: In some cases, injecting botulinum toxin into the pylorus (muscle at the stomach outlet) can help relax it, facilitating better stomach emptying.

Surgery for Gastroparesis

1. Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES): A surgically implanted device delivers mild electrical pulses to the stomach muscles, promoting proper contractions and alleviating symptoms.

2. Gastrectomy: In extreme cases, a partial or total removal of the stomach (gastrectomy) might be considered if other treatments fail to provide relief.

3. Jejunostomy: A tube is inserted directly into the small intestine through the abdominal wall. This allows for bypassing the stomach and delivering nutrients directly to the intestine.

4. Pyloroplasty: A surgical procedure that widens the opening between the stomach and the small intestine, enhancing stomach emptying.

5. Gastrojejunostomy: This surgical technique involves connecting the stomach to the jejunum (part of the small intestine), bypassing the pylorus, and promoting better food movement.

Diet, & Nutrition after Gastroparesis

Living with gastroparesis presents unique challenges when it comes to maintaining a balanced and nourishing diet. This condition slows down the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Adapting your diet post-gastroparesis can significantly improve your quality of life. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you make informed dietary choices:

1. Small and Frequent Meals: Opt for smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day instead of traditional large meals. This can help ease the burden on your digestive system and prevent overwhelming your stomach.

2. Soft and Easily Digestible Foods: Choose foods that are soft and easy to digest, such as cooked vegetables, lean proteins (like poultry and fish), and well-cooked grains. These foods are gentler on your stomach and can help minimize discomfort.

3. Low-Fiber Choices: While fiber is essential for digestion, it might be harder to tolerate with gastroparesis. Focus on low-fiber options like white rice, well-cooked pasta, and skinless fruits.

4. Hydration is Key: Stay hydrated by sipping water throughout the day. Avoid large quantities of liquids during meals, as they can contribute to feelings of fullness and discomfort.

5. Limit Fatty Foods: High-fat foods can delay stomach emptying and exacerbate symptoms. Opt for low-fat or lean alternatives to help reduce the likelihood of flare-ups.

6. Avoid Carbonated Beverages: Carbonated drinks can lead to bloating and gas, making symptoms worse. Choose non-carbonated, clear liquids instead.

7. Mindful Eating: Eat slowly and chew your food thoroughly. Mindful eating aids digestion and makes it easier for your stomach to process the food.

8. Moderation with Sugar: Sugary foods can spike blood sugar levels and contribute to discomfort. Opt for moderation when consuming sugary treats.

9. Meal Timing: Plan your meals and snacks to ensure a consistent schedule. This can help regulate your digestive processes and minimize symptoms.

10. Probiotics and Fermented Foods: Consider incorporating probiotics and fermented foods into your diet. These can support a healthy gut and aid digestion.

11. Consult a Dietitian: A registered dietitian with experience in gastroenterology can create a personalized meal plan tailored to your specific needs, ensuring you receive adequate nutrition while managing your condition.

12. Food Diary: Keep a food diary to track what you eat and how it affects your symptoms. This can help you identify trigger foods and make informed decisions.

13. Cooking Techniques: Experiment with cooking methods like steaming, baking, and slow cooking. These techniques can break down food more effectively, making it easier for your stomach to process.

14. Herbal Teas: Certain herbal teas like ginger or peppermint might provide relief from nausea and aid digestion. Consult your healthcare provider before incorporating these into your diet.

Remember, managing gastroparesis through diet requires patience and a willingness to adapt. What works for one person may not work for another, so pay attention to your body's responses and work closely with your healthcare team to develop a plan that supports your overall well-being.